Subnetting is the practice of dividing a larger IP network into smaller, more manageable segments called subnets. Each subnet functions like a mini-network, allowing organizations to optimize performance, improve security, and simplify management. For example, a company might use one subnet for its HR department and another for engineering, keeping traffic organized and reducing unnecessary congestion.
At its core, subnetting relies on the subnet mask, which determines how many bits of an IP address are used for the network versus the host. With careful planning, subnetting can maximize IP address usage and make routing more efficient. While IPv6 has expanded address space, subnetting remains crucial in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks to structure traffic logically and securely.
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